Textiles in the interior

In the interior it is difficult to single out the fundamental element from which the rest of the atmosphere "dances". For some, finishing becomes the most important, others will give preference to accessories and textiles, and still others without hesitation will award the leading role to furnishing. In fact, the interior is a single, indivisible design picture in which every detail has its own weight. Only in the aggregate of elements, which are selected with the observance of balance, lies the secret of the ideal setting. Textiles in the interior are included in the group of "necessary" parts, without which you just can not do. It is used for decoration of offices, residential buildings and apartments, hotels and hotels. Those rooms in which there are no textiles, completely devoid of comfort, so we can safely say that it is fabrics that are the source of "home heat" and comfort in the room. They are knitted, weave, roll and weave. Matter - the main element of needlework. Let's talk about the diversity of textiles, the characteristics of each type and the rules for the use of matter in interior design.

The role of textiles in the interior

Fabrics are present in every home. Bedrooms are decorated with rugs on the floor, curtains on the windows, bedspreads, blankets and pillows on the beds, upholstery on the chairs. In the kitchen, the range of application of textile materials varies somewhat: here you can make tables with tablecloths, decorate a room with napkins, tacks, and towels. Curtains and tulle remain unchanged. Even in the "wet" room - the bathroom, there are also fabrics. True, this decor is removable, not permanent, but towels are included in the interior concept and add comfort to an uninhabited room. Perhaps it was the fabrics in the entire history of the design that became the “litmus test” for new fashion trends. Their surface first changed the texture, texture and color. The most luxurious time for luxury textiles consider the Renaissance.

Heavy satin or brocade curtains with royal patterns, embroidered with gold threads and decorated with tassels, velvet upholstery of upholstered furniture with a four-sided screed, fabric wallpaper with floral motifs, soft carpets with ornate ornament, majestic canopies, ruffles, bows, accessories - this is all the beauty of the walls. card immoderate baroque, which with its scope itself and destroyed. In Art Deco fabrics, the folds of which freely fall down with a slight carelessness, they help to give the interior “waves” smoothness and fluidity. In pop art, textiles were decorated with geometric patterns, and matter itself was painted in bright, acidic colors. It was in the era of this style that designers began to practice the use of synthetic matter. Now, when the palm has moved to minimalism and constructivism, the interiors are decorated much more modest and this again affected the fabrics.

For the decor using simple burlap, flax, cotton. Occasionally, silk is used as the only rich element. Fabrics allow you to transform poorly furnished spaces and link the filling of the room into a single concept. To appreciate the role of textiles in the interior, it’s enough to mentally save the room from it. Guests will stare at the bare frames at the windows, the floor will become unpleasant to cool their feet, rigid furniture will be suitable only for the exhibition as an exhibit. But most importantly, the room will cease to be cozy, it will lose bits of heat, which, being woven into the fabric of the interior, seemed inconspicuous and unimportant. They can be acutely felt only by completely eliminating them from the situation. Fabrics are a cosiness, warmth, comfort, calmness, relaxation and smells at home. They require constant care, washing, cleaning with a vacuum cleaner, but the aroma of freshness, which quickly spreads throughout the apartment, and the special atmosphere are worth it.


    

A variety of fabrics and methods of their use

Textiles are diverse. In each particular style they use only certain types of matter that can look rich, elegant, elegant or modest and restrained. Fabrics can be pleasant to the touch or have a rough texture. Depending on the characteristics of the material, determine the scope of its application. For example, durable velvet is suitable for sewing curtains, upholstery of furniture and canopies. Thin silk is not recommended to be tested for durability, since it is easy to put "puffs" on the fabric. All textiles by origin are classified into two large groups:

  • Artificial;
  • Natural. He, in turn, is divided into two types: animal and vegetable origin.

There is a third mixed group, which includes fabrics made from synthetic and natural fibers. Typically, this technique is resorted to in order to reduce the cost of the finished material without serious damage to quality.

    

Velor and velvet

Velor and velvet belong to nap fabrics. Their surface is thickly covered with characteristic villi that can be smoothed by hand. Due to the special texture of the fabric, its shades acquire a special depth. Velvet and velor are considered the main material for the classic style. The materials are made by two different pile weaving technologies. Velor is classified into three main types:

  • Knitted;
  • Fur;
  • Leather.

In addition, there is another classification in appearance:

  • Embossed;
  • Printed;
  • Shaped;
  • Smooth;
  • Smooth-colored.

For the manufacture of upholstery using special furniture velor or jacquard fabric, which is its kind. For car salons use matter created from synthetic fibers, which is characterized by increased strength and resistance to abrasion. Pillowcases for pillows, bedspreads, curtains, furniture upholstery are made from velvet.

Both materials are considered hypoallergenic, but because of the texture they collect dust, which can still cause a negative reaction in humans. Velvet and velor are durable, they do not shrink, but fade in the sun. Craftswomen difficult to work with fabrics manually. Both velor and velvet dry for a long time after washing, which, by the way, can only be carried out in a delicate mode and using gentle means. Ironing matter is strictly prohibited. To bring it back to its former appearance, it is necessary to “ruffle” the villi for a long time. This type of textile is considered a sign of wealth. Velvet symbolizes luxury and wealth. He, like expensive jewelry, should not be too much. Otherwise, the interior faces stigma of bad taste.

Many needlewomen use the so-called chenille. This reinforced thread is decorated with fluffy villi along the entire length. In fact, this is velor, but intended for decoration.

Calico and ranfors

By Russian standards, calico is a fabric of 100% silk. In other countries, it is allowed to add up to 20% of artificial fibers to matter. When you purchase should pay attention to the country of origin. It has a pronounced texture: the interlacing of fibers is visible to the naked eye. Calico is eco-friendly and hypoallergenic. In our country, it appeared in the XVI century. They brought a relatively new material merchants from the Arab States. Calico is classified into four types:

  • Harsh. Despite the "menacing" name, the severity of matter is manifested only in its increased strength. Such a calico is not dyed or bleached. It has a natural cream shade. Used for the manufacture of clothing and furniture upholstery.
  • Smooth-colored. Monotonous coarse calico, which is used for sewing towels, tablecloths, napkins and bed linen.
  • Bleached. The material that is bleached is used only for sewing bedding sets.
  • Stuffed. The fabric is decorated with bright, multi-color patterns. It is used for tailoring and bed linen.

Ranfors is a heavy-duty material that is made using sophisticated technology from yarn and Egyptian silk. The threads are additionally polished, combed and twisted. The result is a matter that is many times denser than the calico. Hypoallergenicity, ease of care, acceptable cost, strength, durability and ability to absorb moisture are characteristic of ranfors. Use the material mainly for sewing bed linen and clothing. Occasionally, from the Ranfors create curtains, which, by the way, "breathe", like the rest of natural textiles.

Cotton

Cotton is based on short, slightly twisted fibers around its axis. The material perfectly resists fading and brilliantly withstands contact with aggressive household chemicals. Cotton can last a long time, but only with regular care. The most perceptible lack of matter is the lack of the ability to hold the shape for a long time, that is, the fabric is easily wrinkled and can shrink. Depending on the technology of production, get the usual light cotton and its more rigid variation. The first type is used for clothing, tablecloths, napkins, bed linen and curtains. By the way, over time, the matter on the windows will turn slightly yellow. Hard cotton is used for making collars in men's shirts and furniture upholstery.

Cotton in the interior is used not only in the form of finished fabric, but also as a "living" decor. The branches of the plant with the characteristic caps of dry lamb will stand for a very long time and will please the eye all year round.

    

Atlas

From the Arabic "atlas" is translated as "smooth." The fabric really has a nice texture and light glossy shine. The atlas is very pleasant to the touch, and its appearance is associated with refined and elegant interiors. Philistines often confuse satin and satin. Fabrics do produce similar technologies, but they have different characteristics. Homeland of the atlas is China. The production technology of matter has been kept secret for a long time. The monopoly on the atlas made it possible to sell it to other countries (including Russia) at high prices. Depending on the type of coloring matter is classified into four types:

  • Monophonic.
  • Trianon. Satin with a contrasting pattern.
  • Maintenon. On the plain background of the fabric they put a pattern that looks more like a weak print.
  • Pompadour. Dark satin is decorated with gold pattern.

The atlas is made of silk threads, but recently synthetic fibers, viscose and cotton have been added to them to reduce the cost price of the fabric. Fabric strong, does not shrink, long keeps colors, absorbs moisture, is not rumpled. If the edges of the atlas remain unprocessed, they will quickly begin to break up into separate fibers. Do not wash the fabric in hot water. If synthetic fibers are present in the composition of the material, then such an atlas can be stretched with prolonged use. The fabric is quite heavy. Atlas is used for tailoring, curtains, bed linen, tablecloths, furniture upholstery.

    

Silk

Silk is an expensive natural fabric that has a nice glossy sheen and is soft to the touch. Silk is sometimes compared with the water surface. China, as in the case of atlas, for a long time maintained a monopoly on its production. The material was delivered along the Great Silk Road. By the way, Transsib subsequently subsequently repeated the road of caravans, which connected Europe and Asia. Although the secret technology has long been publicized, China remains the leader among silk suppliers. Thread for matter is obtained from tiny silkworm cocoons. Silk is classified into many subspecies:

  • Crepe. The fabric has a grainy texture and rough to the touch. This effect is obtained by re-twisting the threads in the manufacture of crepe.
  • Organza. The fabric, which despite its lightness, keeps its shape perfectly.
  • Atlas.
  • Taffeta Tough fabric that has good dimensional stability. Used for sewing petticoats.
  • Chiffon. Very expensive fabric that belongs to the silk elite. It is made mainly of clothing. To the touch chiffon slightly grainy and rough. May have a rare pearl color with characteristic shades of shade.
  • Tual. Matter, decorated with a pattern over a monophonic background. Previously tualyu knocked the walls in houses. This kind of first fabric wallpaper.
  • Satin. Simplified version of the atlas.
  • Chesucha It is also called wild silk. Matter woven from the remnants of the threads, which differ in thickness. It has a rough look, but is very useful for human skin. Most often used for tailoring, and in rare cases - for bed linen.
  • Gas. Very lightweight, airy fabric that is used for sewing tulle.
  • Foulard. The finest type of silk, which is used for sewing veils and scarves.

Silk does not cause allergies, "breathes", does not deform, but at the same time easily stretches. However, the cost of the fabric leaves much to be desired. Silk should not be subjected to regular contact with sunlight. It can be washed only in a delicate mode, and ironing will have to be done with extreme caution. Silk bedding will give the sensation of coolness in the hot summer, but at the same time it is very "slipping" that many consider it a disadvantage. Upholstery for furniture, kitchen decorations, curtains and curtains are made of the material.

    

Flax and burlap

Flax has the strength, durability, ability to remove moisture and heat. From this matter sew clothes that are popular in the summer heat. Flax has a somewhat rough texture, rough to the touch. Matter easily crumples, keeps its shape poorly, sometimes shrinks after washing. Unlike cotton, flax does not turn yellow with time, but retains its original whiteness. The fabric does not roll, used for sewing tablecloths, towels, hypoallergenic bedding, curtains and for the manufacture of furniture upholstery. Flax goes well with Provence and rustic styles that embody in country houses and country houses. Similar texture has burlap. This material is made from flax and jute in a 1: 1 ratio. Sacking is durable, durable, does not stretch and is not afraid of contact with sunlight, water, household chemicals. But because of the nondescript appearance of the fabric, it is rarely used in the interior. Rough burlap in harmony with the country, minimalism and eco style, that is, with directions that are simplicity and naturalness. Of the fabric is made mainly upholstery for furniture.

Sacking and flax are often used to make book covers and notebook pads. The texture of the materials allows you to create original covers.

    

Felt

Felt is made from sheep wool by felting. For many years, the material was obtained only through long and monotonous manual labor. The felt is very warm, it is not afraid of mold and mildew, it does not electrify. However, the material quickly absorbs moisture, weighs quite a lot, becomes a favorite "food" for moths and is prone to shrinkage after washing. Felt warmed houses, make toys (including interior ones), bath accessories, felt boots, bags and mittens out of it. Warm blankets and pillows from this material will perfectly warm in the harsh winter.


    

Boucle

Boucle is made from crepe or shaped yarn. The material has a rough texture: loose weaving, which is often decorated with protruding knots. Externally voluminous, it is lightweight. Most of the boucle is like an astrakhan. The material is made of wool, silk, cotton and viscose. For the production of furniture upholstery using boucle polyester. Boucle perfectly keeps heat, does not wrinkle, does not stretch, is not subject to shrinkage. However, the edges of matter, if they are not treated with overlock, quickly crumble. Nodules on the surface contribute to the formation of puffs. Boucle is used for sewing upholstery and furniture covers. Warm blankets of this material are well warmed and create additional comfort in the room.

Artificial / chemical fabrics

Chemical fabrics are made from synthetic and artificial fibers. This is a new word in the textile industry. Artificial fibers are made from organics. Seaweed, cellulose, and cotton are treated with acetone, acetic acid, or nitric acid. Synthetic fibers are obtained from polymers that are not found in nature. Chemical fabrics include acetate, polyester, lavsan, viscose, nylon and nylon. The development of new technologies for the manufacture of synthetic fibers, ahead of projects to improve the production of artificial fibers. Many say that the future of synthetics. However, none of the chemical fabric has so far failed to surpass the natural one. To increase their durability, strength and ability to retain shape, natural fibers are often added to the compositions in various percentages. Chemical fabrics are used for tailoring, bed linen, curtains (including "icicles"), pillows, bedspreads and upholstery of furniture. The popularity of these materials is largely determined by the availability and low cost.

Tips for using textiles in the interior

When decorating interiors with textiles, you should follow a number of simple rules that will save effort, time and money:

  • If combined textiles are used in a textile, they are tested for "compatibility" as far as possible. The indicator will serve as a wash. First check the fabric for shrinkage and loss of color. Если комбинированные шторы или одеяло уже куплены, а текстильные составляющие совершенно по-разному реагируют на стирку, то такое изделие лучше доверить профессиональной химчистке.
  • При пошиве штор нужно тщательно проводить замеры и не экономить на покупке ткани. Нет ничего хуже, чем слишком короткие, маленькие занавески или скудно задрапированное окно.
  • При покупке штор обращайте внимание на их "прозрачность". If the room needs complete darkness on a sunny day, then it is better to choose thick fabrics.
  • One of the most beautiful options for decorating the window are curtains on the lining. They have a front side (usually with a pattern) and a single-colored purl. Blackout curtains reliably protect from heat and drafts, and the "tops" will become a stylish addition to the interior.

Also it is necessary to correctly calculate the distance of the eaves bracket from the window. Curtains should not fit snugly to the frame, radiator or windowsill.

Conclusion

The very first fabric that ancient people made was flax. Then people learned to process wool. And much later cotton and silk appeared. Textiles sew linen and clothing, sails, bags, tents, flags, toys, interior accessories and decorations. Most fabrics are made according to a simple algorithm:

  • Growing;
  • Spinning;
  • Weaving.

A textile product can become an authentic art object if it is properly positioned in the room setting and made part of an interior design accent group. With fabric it is always warmer, cozier and more comfortable than without it in any room.

Watch the video: Interior Design: Fabric Matters (March 2024).

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