Attic floor: equip a bedroom, living room +100 photo

The development of a person passes all his life. A change of generations is accompanied by progress in society. So the design of the house changes with time. Multi-storey stone buildings appeared, and the roofs of hides or straw replaced the metal and slate. The formation of new ideas in architecture led to the use of attic space for household needs and made it possible to solve residential problems.

Attic floor - what is it

France has become the birthplace of residential premises under the roof. And the first architect who equipped rooms for living at the top of the house was Francois Mansart. The spread of his ideas in Paris contributed to the laws of the time, according to which the amount of tax on a house was determined by its height. In the legislation of that time the attic was not considered as a floor.

Part of the space (residential, non-residential), located in the attic, used for household needs is called the attic. The concept comes from the name of the architect. Initially used as housing for the poor, over time turned into a subject of wealth, luxury and proper home planning.

According to the terminology of the normative acts of the USSR, and after the CIS countries, the attic is defined as a floor. Its area is considered to be in general square, it is registered in the BTI, subject to the conditions of its suitability for living throughout the year and the availability of heating. The attic floor has a ceiling, which is the roof of the building itself, so its facade is angled.

Distinctive features of the attic from the second floor

The standard construction of the second floor is determined by the walls located vertically and the parallelism between the surfaces of the ceiling and the floor. The attic has no straight facades. When comparing simple floors with attic, the following differences can be identified:

The roof structure determines the height of the attic rooms, which is different at each point;
The standard second floor has the same quadrature as its predecessor. Roofing rooms have less space;
A two-storey house carries a large load on the soil, respectively, this is taken into account when designing the foundation;
The walls located vertically at the second floor should be higher than one and a half meters, and below the roof under the roof;
Attic surpasses any other floors in illumination, this is achieved due to the inclined arrangement of window openings;
The slope of the walls also reduces the amount of air in the room, due to its reduced overall quadrature;
Houses with different variations of second floors differ in appearance. The floor under the roof gives the house an original look.

Advantages and disadvantages of the attic floor

Planning, reconstruction of the house make you consider the possibility of increasing the living space with minimal cost. This idea allows you to embody the construction or superstructure (on the existing structure) of the attic. When choosing this option of using the roofing space, the owner assesses the benefits derived from this alternative, and what he will lose. Consider the merits of choosing what it gives:

Ability to use old buildings as a base;
Get savings building materials, due to the lack of walls;
The increase in usable living space;
Improve the overall appearance of the building;
Use different design ideas related to the slope of the ceiling;
Reduce heat loss through the roof;
use well lit room.

The disadvantages include the following:

Rapid heating of the building as a whole in hot weather;
Inadequate use of useful space;
The angled ceilings make uncomfortable places near the wall.

Design and device

The project is the basis of construction. Drawing up documentation requires special knowledge. The design takes into account many factors that determine the final appearance. Such moments include visual perception, useful living space, the slope of the structure and its resistance to weather (water runoff, snow sliding), accessibility to communications, bearing walls bearing future loads, the choice of building materials taking into account financial possibilities and many other calculations related to construction.

Designing is an important moment in the creation of an attic, which can be made on the basis of the structure of the structure. Consider the elements that make up the structure:

Device rafter. The support of the entire roof stands mauerlat. It is a timber attached to the top of the bearing wall. To him fasten rafters. They create a frame, and determine the type of roof. Over rafters have a crate. In addition, the device includes racks, hangers, bolts, ceilings, and other elements.
Vapor barrier. Protects roof elements from penetration and absorption of vapors. Presented by single-layer, multi-layer, reflective films.
Warming The technology is laying the material between the rafters. As a heater, you can use any basis, except those prohibited to be installed in residential buildings.
Waterproofing of the room. Mandatory element of the roof. It protects the rafters from rotting, and the insulation from wetting. The material used is polymer film-membranes or perforated films.

Not to be confused with vapor barrier films that protect only from vapors formed in the process of life.

Ventilation. Air exchange is an important element of the roof. It depends on the microclimate, as well as the evaporation of moisture from the insulation layer. Depending on the roofing material, the required clearance for air flow is selected.
Heating. You can create heating in different ways. The most rational will be to connect to an existing system. But it doesn’t matter, you can use electrical appliances, install a fireplace, put an autonomous heating, intended only for this particular place.

Types, sizes and forms of the attic floor

The presence of strict regulation distinguishes the attic from the attic. Minimal heights from the floor are prescribed, tables of the roof slopes are drawn up, even its areas are indicated, depending on certain parameters. But all the roofs differ in the types of their devices that can be combined. Consider existing roof types.

Single pitch roof

Rarely used in construction. It is connected with its main drawback - it retains heat poorly, therefore additional warming is required. Differs in simple installation in comparison with other types that is caused by lack of the fad in its design.

When designing a house with such a roof, take into account the windy side and position the roof slope towards it. The entire structure is fixed to the logs located on walls of different height (Mauerlat). An important point of such a system is the slope angle. It should be more than 40 degrees. For accurate determination of the angle, the type of coating, the span length, the loads created by precipitation (snow) are taken into account. The wall, located on the side of the slope, receives the maximum load, which must also be taken into account when drafting the project.

Gable

Common roofing option. It is a structure consisting of two inclined planes that are connected at the upper junction by a ridge. The small number of slopes and one point of their contact significantly reduce construction costs, increases the strength of the structure.

Depending on the angle of slope of the slopes, the roofs are divided into flat (angle of the plane is less than 45 degrees), standard (equal to 45), pointed (60 degrees). The climatic conditions of the region are the first criteria when choosing the sharpness of the angle.

The location of the ridge in the center or offset from it makes the roof symmetrical and asymmetrical, respectively. For rooms, trapezoidal shapes are typical, however, if the width of the building allows, square models are also created. In the production of a standard two-plane coating used rafters related to the hanging type. This type does not provide for additional beams. The walls serve as a support.

Polyline

This is a kind of dual slope roof. In its design, the planes have several different angles of inclination. In the standard version, the slope is divided into a couple of parts that "break" in a certain place. It is the best option for the construction of the attic. The structure allows the most efficient use of attic space.

Roofing is typical for square-shaped houses. A feature of such a roof is that the angle of the upper slope plane is small - up to 30 degrees, and the bottom reaches 80. This allows you to make high ceilings, giving the impression of a full-fledged room. The difference lies in the truss system, it has a combined structure, including the ridge rafters at the very top (hanging) and hung on the sides. The broken design can be multi-rolling.

Four-wheeled

The design has a complex structure. It is built less often than other species. It is selected, if necessary, so that the house has a special look, different from standard buildings. Build such a roof with your own hands is problematic. At the design stage requires complex calculations.

Rays with the shape of an isosceles triangles, which are in contact at the peak of the structure, characterize the four-fold covering of the house. Geometric shapes, viewed from above, divide the roof into views. Upon receipt of the square, the roof is called a hip-roof, a rectangle - hip, which, in turn, is divided into classical and semi-hip.

The advantages of the structures include aerodynamic qualities, protection of walls from all sorts of precipitation, the ability to use it in old buildings. And the disadvantages are in reducing the area of the attic space (due to the complexity of the design), high cost, complexity of technical calculations.

With a balcony

Many projects have balconies or loggias that allow you to increase the functionality of the attic space. The extensions have their own characteristics, they provide an opportunity to organize a place for outdoor recreation, in the case of a fire-hazardous situation, serve as an escape route, however, they require significant investments and reduce thermal insulation.

There are several types of designs with a balcony. The most popular and sought-after type is an extension located on the side of the gable. It is placed under the roof, which does not require additional sheds. The balcony can be placed in the roofing part, but in this case, construction of separate ceilings will be required. The third option extension - balcony-window. To protect against weather conditions open balcony glaze.

Attic windows

Designing a house with residential attic space is accompanied by the solution of many problems. Selection and rational placement of windows is one of them. The presence of window openings not only allows to solve the problem of lighting, but also to improve the overall design of the building. All windows are systematized according to specific properties: location relative to the base of the building, method of opening, type of glass used, and window material.

Windows can be placed in two ways, in inclined and vertical positions. The pediment and cuckoo are mounting points for straight constructions, ramps are for inclined planes with them. Angled openings give the room more light.

Windows designed for installation in the attic, make lightweight. The most popular option - single-chamber, rarely used two-chamber. In the first case, the design consists of two sheets of glass, in the second of three. Glasses are also divided into types. They can be hardened, have a metallic coating, consist of several layers.

To open the window use the handle. There are models with remote control. The difference lies in the location of the opening axis, which can be horizontal and vertical. As raw materials for window frames the tree, metalplastic and aluminum acts.

Materials used for finishing

The final stage of construction work is the finishing, which includes a series of sequential actions related to the design of the floor, walls and ceiling. For this activity, you can invite experts, but if you wish, you can show the master class yourself. For finishing work, certain materials are often chosen:

Lining. The material is easy to install, has insulating properties. The raw material for manufacturing is plastic, wood, mdf. The classic version is a wooden board. Possesses environmental properties, allows the walls to "breathe." The disadvantages include the characteristics of wood, namely, its low moisture resistance and vulnerability to temperature extremes, therefore, the roof should be well insulated.
Plywood. This building material can easily replace the finish of other types of raw materials. It does not require a finishing coating, evens the walls. You can glue wallpaper on plywood or just apply a layer of paint. The material is obtained by gluing veneer. Plywood is divided into three types: construction, laminated, waterproof. The choice of this option will significantly save, while getting high quality finishing material.
Block house. Imitating a rounded log, the material will provide an opportunity to create a unique atmosphere in the room. The presence of tongue and groove makes it easy to install this building material. For interior decoration, the timber is produced more subtle, but even so, it “eats” a part of the living space.
Drywall Universal building material. Allows to level walls, thanks to its flat surface. Even newbies can work with it. Sheet drywall differs light weight, it is easy to cut, they can sheathe any surface complexity. However, the installation should take into account the specifics of raw materials. Sheets are fragile, quickly absorb moisture and swell, are not intended to be placed on their surface heavy objects.

In addition to the above, PVC panels, suspended ceiling, decorative plaster, laminate, facing brick, wallpaper and many other building materials can be used in the decoration.

Space zoning

Marking functional areas will be useful if the attic has a large area that can use a few people. There are several methods used in zoning:

use of furniture;
the use of decorative elements;
installation of special structures;
combination of different finishing materials.

The implementation of the visual division of space is always guided by a set of rules that apply to all zoning methods. Basic standards markup must meet:

The staircase should be neutral in relation to the rooms available;
The boundary of the section should not affect the window;
Do not use additional designs in small areas;
Items used for division should not impede free movement;
The living area is in the most lighted place.

Arrangement and design

Attic is able to serve for various purposes, it can accommodate a study, bathroom, bedroom - the choice is unlimited. It all depends on the imagination and wishes of the owner of the attic space. The presence of walls at an angle - the main charm and lack of structure.

The design of the under-roof space is influenced by the shape of the roof, on which the geometry of the rooms depends; location of the building with attic - apartment, country, country house.

Living room

The interior of the room should be representative. Here guests are welcomed or simply spend the evening with the family. There are many styles of interior, they can be used to equip from a small room with a low ceiling to a large room. Consider the use of some of them:

Scandinavian. Style combines minimalism with eco-themed. There is no place for plastics, paints, polymers. The emphasis is on clean materials and simple forms. Large furniture, high closet - are unacceptable. It features a combination of rare book with modern trends. Primary color is white.
Loft. It is used in unrestricted, spacious rooms. It is characterized by the absence of partitions, rough wall decoration. Due to the presence of industrial elements and lack of decoration, there is an imitation of the room, as uninhabited or abandoned.
Minimalism. In the interior of the room should be a minimum of color shades, objects. Comparison of black and white tones - the main requirement of style. For a living room in a minimalist image, one sofa is enough, a wardrobe, even a single shelf shelf is enough. Curtains are also chosen in this style. They should be inconspicuous and not contain patterns.

Bedroom

For the arrangement of the room is not necessarily the presence of high ceilings and unlimited area. Bed, lamp, soft rug, chandelier and bedside table - the minimum set of furniture sets, which will create comfort. If the room is not cramped and there is free space, then it is good to put a wardrobe.

В интерьере и отделке спальни используют исключительно натуральные материалы, представленные деревом и нейтральным стеклом. В цветовом плане предпочтение отдается светлым оттенкам, создающим атмосферу спокойствия.

Детская и игровая комнаты

Children's laughter in the house is the greatest joy of any parent. The child’s bedroom has a special atmosphere. Arranged in the attic room for the baby will become his favorite place. Decorating a bedroom for a child is a very exciting process.

Children's equipment is the same as the arrangement of any other dwelling under the roof. Bevel the wall can be leveled by arranging a niche for storing toys in the lower corner of the toe. Perform zoning of the room, dividing it into places of recreation, leisure, training. Be sure to choose the appropriate background. If there are support posts in the attic that support the beams, they should be sheathed with soft material. When choosing furniture focus on the absence of sharp corners.

Cabinet

Cabinet - a separate room for the work at home. A place where no one can interfere with the creative process. It is the attic that meets all these requirements, due to its isolation from the rest of the house. After closing the door, you can work at the computer, read a book, create a project.

Furniture in the office occupies a key position, as it creates its atmosphere. Standard set - a table, a bookcase, a sofa, a work chair. Unlike ordinary rooms, a table in the attic is placed near the window. It is necessary to approach the choice of all elements of furniture very responsibly, every detail is important here.

Bathroom

Attic more designed for recreation, leisure and, it would seem, the bathroom is out of place. But such a building has its positive aspects. If there is enough space under the roof, then you can combine several rooms at once, including a bathroom. The main requirement of such a building is the availability of appropriate communications.

The limited height, the bevel of the wall require a special way to choose plumbing equipment. This also applies to finishing materials, they must be waterproof. In the interior of the room it is desirable to arrange a window that will compensate for the closed space. Must be a mirror, towel holder.

Choice of furniture

The room determines the setting. The choice of furniture depends on the purpose of the room. In the bath do not put the bar. After all, it is suitable for her kitchen, and better studio. Three-leaved and wardrobe-compartment will look good in the bedroom or hall. In addition to a rational view of the placement, when choosing furniture and its accessories, one should consider its future compatibility with the interior of the room. The non-standard form of premises in the attic makes you wonder how to furnish it better. If the bed can be placed under the bevel of the wall, then the wardrobe is better placed near the gable.

Lighting

When creating an attic lighting project, many factors are taken into account: the number of windows is counted, their capacity is taken into account, even the roof covering material and the type of structure are taken into account. Calculated and the required amount of light in the dark.

During the day there is natural light, in the evening - combined with artificial, at night - only common, which is divided into uniform and localized. The latter include portable lamps, floor lamps, sconces. Uniform implies all kinds of ceiling-type lamps, from LED to neon tubes.

Conclusion

Francois Mansart, who realized the idea of making an attic a living space, can be called a classic of architecture. The premises under the roof became popular, they are being constructed both in houses located in the country house and in guest houses built on their own plots. Incarnated many ideas of using a loft. It allows not only to increase the useful area of the house, but also gives it a special look.